Who is responsible for a dog bite or dog attack?

Written By Chris Dolan and Carole Okolowicz

This week’s question come from Phill in the North Bay: I am avid hiker and enjoy being outdoors. Not sure if dogs are getting more popular in the last two years, but it appears that I see more people with dogs on the trail now. Some dogs are friendly looking. Some dogs are not so friendly looking, especially when they have the chrome prong leash and they are pulling hard on it. Can you tell me who is ultimately responsible for a dog bite or dog attack?  

Phill,

Thanks for your question. Dogs provide countless benefits to humans including companionship. But these domesticated animals can still lose control and bite or attack people. A vast majority of animal attacks in the US and California are inflicted by dog bites. The California Department of Public Health estimates there are over 5 million dog bites a year in the U.S. Children are more than twice as likely as adults to be the victim of a dog bite.

Animal attacks can be frightening and can result in serious physical and emotional injuries, including severe cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds, infection, lost eyes, permanent disfigurement, scarring and psychological trauma.

Under California law, dog and other animal owners are generally strictly liable for the injuries caused by their animal. Strict Liability means that a dog owner is liable for injuries and damages caused by their dog. The law covers anyone bitten by a dog in a public place or while lawfully in a private place, including the dog owner’s property. It does not matter whether the dog has any history of vicious behavior. If the dog bites someone, the owner is liable.

Under some circumstances, in addition to the owner of the dog, the owner of the property where the dog resides may also be responsible for your injuries, if different from the dog’s owner. If you were attacked on the owner’s property or if you know or believe that a dog escaped from an enclosed yard, for example, keep track of the property’s address.

There are some circumstances when an animal injures another party and the owners are not Strictly Liable. These cases generally involve animal attacks where there was no actual “bite.” For example, a dog may cause a collision or may chase a person riding a bike and cause them to crash. Many situations can occur where an owner has the responsibility to control their animal and they fail to do so. Under a general theory of negligence an owner or other person in control of an animal can be liable for the injuries caused by their animal.

If you have been bitten by a dog you are likely entitled to compensation for your injuries and other damages. In a civil lawsuit you can recover both economic and non-economic damages. In order to get compensation for your losses, you must demonstrate that dog bite or other animal attack caused your injuries and other damages.

Economic damages include the expenses related to any injuries caused by the animal attack. This includes:

  • Medical Expenses (past and future)
  • Lost Wages
  • Surgery
  • Wound Care
  • Lost Earning Potential
  • Physical Therapy

Non-economic damages can also include:

  • Psychological Distress / Trauma
  • Mental Anguish
  • Pain and Suffering

Contact an Animal Attack Lawyer or Dog Bite Lawyer

Following an attack or dog bite, you have the right to seek out legal help to obtain compensation. An experience attorney will help you determine what legal options you have and can assist you in obtaining compensation for your injuries.

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Dealing With a Dog Attack

Written By Christopher Dolan and Aimee Kirby

Adriana from the Bay Area writes: On May 25, 2020 we brought our small dog Piper to a dog park. We have visited this park a number of times and never had an issue. The dog park has a section for large dogs and also a separate section for smaller dogs, to keep everyone safe. While my husband and I were in the small dog park an elderly woman entered the small dog area with what looked like a Sheppard mix that was about fifty pounds and a Chihuahua. Immediately having the big dog in the small dog park concerned me. My husband and I decided to leave. As we were putting on Piper’s leash, the Sheppard mix suddenly darted towards Piper and grabbed her neck. In a matter of seconds, blood was everywhere and my husband and I were desperately trying to get Piper out of the dog’s mouth. The owner of the dog just stood there screaming and crying. The dog ended up biting both of us as we tried to rescue Piper. Before we left my husband took a picture of her car insurance card, and she told us she had homeowner’s insurance with the same company. We rushed Piper to her vet, but her injuries were so significant and she was in so much pain, the doctor advised us to put her down. We are both very upset and don’t know what can be done to hold this dog owner responsible. 

Dear Adriana, I am so sorry to hear what occurred to poor Piper. Our dogs are like members of our family and seeing them in pain is hard for us. The law hasn’t really caught up to how we, in our hearts, feel about our animals. Our little furry family members are still considered property under the law, and the food, training, and hours of love that we put into making them happy are not something the law recognizes as damages in California. Neither is the immense joy and love that they provide to us. Insurance companies will reimburse you the cost of repair or replacement of your property. It is immensely sad that the law does not recognize that we see our pets different than our cars. 

Under Negligence and Strict Liability legal theories, you may have a potential claim for any physical injuries you and your husband suffered by the dog attack on this day. California law defines negligence as the failure to use reasonable care to prevent harm to oneself or to others. A person is negligent if he or she fails to do something that a reasonably careful person would do in the same situation. In California, you aren’t required to prove that someone acted unreasonable to seek your damages, as we have a Strict Liability regarding dog bites. Strict Liability imposes liability by the act itself and you don’t have to prove the owner acted unreasonable to seek this damage. In addition to being able to seek your veterinarian bill, money, when you are ready welcome another dog into your life, and your own medical expenses and pain and suffering, you also have a claim for what is called Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress allows you to collect damages for witnessing your husband getting bitten and damages for him for watching you get bitten. We often refer to this claim as a bystander damage claim. 

You were very wise to get a picture of her insurance card. If you do a web search for the carrier, often times, you can submit your claim online through a portal on their webpage. They will want the veterinarian bill, pictures of your injuries and any medical bills/medical records that document your losses. If you missed any work, they will want to see a paystub to determine your rate of pay and a medical provider note verifying you needed the time off work. Sometimes the carrier will ask for your statement or for you to sign authorizations to get your medical records. You are not required to give a statement and you are not required to sign authorizations. Once the carrier has this information, they will make you an offer based on the damages presented. Remember you are not required to accept their first offer, and can negotiate with them. Once a final number is agreed upon a release will be sent. Once the release is signed, the insurance company will forward the settlement proceeds. 

When a case resolves, meaning you have signed a release and received the settlement, that will be the total amount of money your will receive. You cannot come back and seek additional sums for injuries that get unmasked later as you begin moving farther away from this loss. It is very important you know the full nature and extent of your injuries. 

We are very sorry for the loss your family has suffered and give you strength in this difficult time. 

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